Saudi Arabia has trillions of dollars in reserves and its sovereign investment fund. The pact is symbolic and is aimed both at Israel and at Iran, though Saudi Arabia views Israel as the bigger existential threat. Israel’s behavior since 2023 has convinced Riyadh that it seeks to dominate the region with aggressive regional forever wars, from which Saudi Arabia is not immune. Nor is it likely that either Ankara or Islamabad will go to war with Iran for Saudi Arabia. Rather, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye are probably seeking a Pakistani nuclear umbrella against Israeli attacks.