Chief of Defence Forces and Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar and Defence Minister Khawaja Asif attended the signing ceremony, along with the defence and foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia and Türkiye. The agreement builds upon the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement signed by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in Riyadh last September. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have maintained extensive defence cooperation for decades, with Pakistani military personnel providing training and technical assistance to Saudi forces. The defence relationship between Türkiye and Saudi Arabia has also expanded rapidly in recent years. The new Makkah agreement therefore represents the latest stage in a long process of expanding military cooperation among Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye.