What do exosomes do in skincare? Exosomes are nanovesicles carrying lipids, proteins, and peptides. In other words, they help tell other cells to boost collagen production, increase cell turnover, and calm inflammation, among other things. This increased communication can aid in reducing redness and irritation, plump fine lines and wrinkles, and cell renewal for radiant, texture-free skin. Can exosomes replace highly-studied retinols and other vitamin A derivatives?