The ICC opened a preliminary examination into Venezuela in 2018 following allegations relating to violence during anti-government demonstrations and political unrest. That history means Venezuela’s withdrawal is not simply a political decision to disengage from an international institution. Many African situations were referred to the ICC by African governments themselves or by the United Nations Security Council. For African governments, the challenge is equally profound. As Chad and Venezuela move away from the Rome Statute, the bigger question for the Global South is not simply who leaves the ICC next.