I concluded, after two years of reading statutes and case files and civil society audits, that it is mostly the latter. Nigeria’s Economic and Financial Crimes Commission was established in 2002 and has operated since then under a chairman appointed by whichever president is in power. The current chairman was appointed by President Bola Tinubu. There is a reform bill in the House of Representatives that would require the president to nominate the EFCC chairman from a shortlist presented by an independent selection committee. The case that should terrify the corrupt official managing a stolen contract, that case gets adjourned, or quietly discontinued, or never filed.