Preterm birth and low birth weight remain major public health concerns worldwide, contributing substantially to infant illness and mortality. The primary outcomes evaluated were preterm birth and low birth weight. Women with low hemoglobin levels in late pregnancy had an 87% higher risk of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.87). The researchers concluded that maternal anemia, particularly in the third trimester, is linked to an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, with coexisting chorioamnionitis further amplifying these risks. Association of maternal hemoglobin levels and chorioamnionitis with preterm birth and low birth weight: a cohort study.