Researchers compared blood samples and fat tissue biopsies from 46 adults living with well-controlled HIV and 74 adults without HIV. Despite this, people with HIV showed significantly more fat tissue fibrosis—a form of scarring inside body fat. The team also discovered that people with HIV had higher blood levels of endotrophin, a protein that reflected both fat scarring and insulin resistance. Because the study captured participants at only one point in time, it cannot prove that fat scarring directly causes diabetes. ; A distinct form of fat fibrosis is linked to insulin resistance in people with HIV; JCI Insight; https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.195922