Saudi Arabia, for example, backs the Yemeni government against the Iran-backed Houthis. Under the agreement, Kuwait and Pakistan will start military cooperation, including training, intelligence sharing and joint military exercises. In September 2025, Saudi Arabia also signed an agreement with Pakistan. Under the terms of the Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement (SMDA), the two sides agreed that "any aggression against either country shall be considered an act of aggression against both." To help stabilize its foreign reserves, Saudi Arabia announced an $8 billion financial support package for Pakistan in April.