Clinical trials are just the latest area where the industry's rapid growth is raising ethical questions. "Most patients don't know about the choices available in clinical trials or which programs are most promising. Given just how many people can be involved with clinical trials, Tsai thinks it might not be so easy to preemptively catch every bad actor. Kalshi says it is offering bets on late-stage clinical trials where participants have already been chosen. He hopes that Kalshi and Polymarket will stop letting speculators place bets that clinical trials won't succeed.