The United States, China, the European Union, Russia, and India are increasing their presence through investment, infrastructure, military cooperation, and resource agreements. The European Union views the region through the lenses of security, supply, and migration. The Indo-Pacific has become the arena where the United States, China, India, Japan, Australia, and other powers converge. The United States, China, Russia, the European Union, India, Pakistan, and other actors will continue defending their interests. More than a century later, Philip Carey continues reminding us that inherited limitations need not become a permanent sentence.