Foreign aid is shrinking, but it is not disappearing. For most of its history, foreign aid focused on government-to-government transfers. Just as vaccines do not administer themselves, cash-transfer programs need registries, payment systems, and grievance procedures. These studies demonstrate that effective aid requires connecting foreign resources to local delivery systems, and building those systems where they do not yet exist. Foreign aid is not disappearing, but it remains to be seen whether our hard-won knowledge about effective aid delivery will survive its retrenchment.