The effect of layer thickness and material balance on soil qualityTransforming garden and household waste into nutrient-rich humus is more effective for soil structure than many commercial alternatives. To successfully produce this organic matter, gardeners must manage oxygen flow, moisture levels, and the balance of organic materials. Kitchen waste must be covered with a layer of soil or grass to prevent attracting birds and small rodents. Thermal management is achieved by keeping the top layer of soil dark to absorb more heat. The finished product is used as mulch, mixed into planting holes for seedlings, or blended with other soil mixes.