Clusters of ~6–137 HS molecules, not single HS molecules, are the docking site for SARS-CoV-2 attachment (Figures 3 and 5). We propose that HS outcompetes ACE2, which extends less than 10 nm from the PM (Yan et al., 2020), for virion attachment (Clausen et al., 2020; Walls et al., 2020; Wrapp et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2021). Our model (Figure 5I) differs in three aspects from the generally accepted current model (Jackson et al., 2022; Clausen et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020). Although light microscopic imaging showed S and hACE2 at the PM (Wang et al., 2020; Bayati et al., 2021), limited resolution precluded demonstrating a direct association. While some studies using genome-wide CRISPR screening to identify genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 reveal genes for HS biosynthesis, others do not (Chan et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2021; Baggen et al., 2021; Rebendenne et al., 2022; Wei et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2021).