Amsterdam has expanded restrictions on public barbecuing as part of a broader campaign to reduce wood smoke, improve air quality and limit nuisance in city parks. The study, which runs through 2026, covers parks, public gardens and woodland. Some 42 per cent of Amsterdam residents report being bothered by wood smoke, according to figures in the framework. It warned that particulate matter from barbecue and wood smoke can penetrate deep into the lungs and may even end up in food. The city identifies charcoal barbecues and open outdoor fires as among the most polluting forms of wood burning, citing fine particulate emissions.