Through the Bill, the government amended the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, the Income Tax Act, 2025, and the Finance Act, 2026. The move could allow merchant charges on selected Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions, marking a possible shift from India’s zero-charge digital-payment regime. At present, banks and payment-system providers cannot directly or indirectly charge users for payment made through UPI and RuPay debit cards. The Bill proposes allowing the central government to decide, through notification, which electronic payment modes or transactions would remain free. The Bill proposes simpler rules for data centres.