Over generations, some seasonal pastoral routes developed into permanent settlements, while other Fulani communities retained their pastoral mobility. The episode demonstrates that the Fulani history of Kafanchan contains both an older connection with the Jema’a political system and a later colonial urban-settlement history. Lere: A Fulani political institution with an older historyThe history of Lere introduces another major Fulani political institution into the Southern Kaduna story. The problem with treating southern Kaduna as one historical storySouthern Kaduna is not a single ethnic territory with one migration story. History can establish that Fulani communities have had a long presence in Southern Kaduna.