The gap is where the interesting stuff lives: a smart plug on 2019 firmware, a printer someone gave a static IP in 2021 and forgot. Forgotten devices are a sampling problem firstA device goes forgotten because it’s quiet – it doesn’t announce itself, isn’t in daily use, and is often asleep. Two more blind spots: static-IP devices never request a lease, so they never appear – and they tend to sit on exactly the devices most likely to be forgotten (printers, NAS boxes, cameras). Apple (iOS/iPadOS/macOS) Yes Yes, per network No Android 10+ Yes Yes, until factory reset No Windows 10/11 No Yes, factory MAC Yes Printers, TVs, consoles, most IoT No Yes, factory MAC YesApple’s documentation confirms Fixed is the default on WPA2/WPA3 networks since iOS 18; rotation only happens on open or weak connections. The one thing worth keepingStop trying to find forgotten devices; start trying to notice new ones.