In 2025, more than 1,200 fundamental and applied research projects were completed, while 241 innovation projects are currently being implemented. Additional incentives for businesses participating in research projects include tax deductions on R&D-related expenses. Beyond direct research financing, Kazakhstan is also expanding mechanisms aimed at strengthening the broader innovation ecosystem, including through public-private partnerships in education and healthcare. With 28,374 researchers across a population of approximately 20.5 million, Kazakhstan has around 1,384 researchers per million inhabitants. As Kazakhstan develops its innovation ecosystem, maintaining a balance between supporting early-career researchers and experienced specialists will remain an important policy consideration.