The United States resumed its blockade of Iran-related shipping in part to weaken Tehran’s economy and break this position. Jordan provides the United States with access to an area connecting the Persian Gulf, Iraq, Syria and Israel. Even unsuccessful attacks impose costs by compelling the United States to expend expensive defensive missiles and divert assets from offensive operations. In this framework, no individual, dynasty, or foreign government has the authority to predetermine Iran’s political future. During the earlier forty-day conflict, military operations largely centered on missile bases, command facilities, and conventional military infrastructure.