The law permits retail investors to buy up to 300,000 rubles of approved cryptocurrencies per year from each intermediary. President Vladimir Putin has signed legislation introducing Russia’s first unified regulatory framework for digital currencies and digital rights, establishing legal standards for crypto exchanges, digital asset custodians, mining operations, brokers, and financial market infrastructure providers. The law sets out eligibility requirements for crypto investors and creates a regulatory regime for the issuance and circulation of digital financial assets (DFAs), with most provisions becoming effective on September 1, 2026. In addition, banks will be required to refuse transfers linked to unauthorized crypto exchange operators when suspicious activity is identified. Existing digital asset exchange operators must complete their transition to the new regulatory framework by March 1, 2027.