But Brussels maintains that investor citizenship programmes carry continuing security and migration-management concerns for the Schengen Area. However, comprehensive nationality data for all five Caribbean programmes are not publicly available. Applicants generally invest at least US$200,000 under the region’s harmonised minimum pricing arrangement, although required contributions and total costs vary by programme, investment route and family size. Should visa-free Schengen access be suspended, analysts expect demand from applicants primarily seeking easier European travel to weaken. The next phase of negotiations will determine whether the region can reach a compromise with Brussels—or whether Schengen visa-free access will become the price of keeping the programmes alive.