Canada offers several pathways through which people can acquire or apply for Canadian citizenship, ranging from birth and family connections to permanent residence, adoption and special provisions. Here are some pathways to Canadian citizenship. Citizenship by birth in CanadaPeople born in Canada are generally Canadian citizens from birth, although there are limited exceptions. Citizenship by descentPeople born outside Canada may already be Canadian citizens if they have a Canadian parent and meet the applicable citizenship-by-descent rules. Citizenship through adoptionA person born outside Canada who is adopted by a Canadian citizen may be eligible to obtain Canadian citizenship through the direct grant process for adopted people.