ISAC is being fast-tracked because governments need cheaper alternatives to expensive military radar and missile-based defenses. 3 | First ISAC markets will be defense, then stadiums – both on private 5GCounter-drone applications around military sites, stadiums, ports, and critical infrastructure are driving early adoption. Public networks face regulatory, interoperability, and commercial challenges, while private 5G networks offer controlled environments for initial deployments. 4 | In theory, telcos might monetize networks twice: for comms and sensingISAC offers operators a potential new enterprise revenue stream by turning network assets into sensing infrastructure. Vendors must adapt radios, add processing capacity, and resolve standards issues before ISAC becomes a widespread capability that evolves into native 6G functionality.