In one incident in 2024, footage also appears to show a cigarette being pushed into a cow’s face. Curtismill Holsteins has condemned the behaviour, stressing that animal welfare remains their top priority. Albyns Farm, which houses around 700 cows indoors year-round, supplies both Tesco and dairy company Muller. Mr Carbstrong said the footage also exposed "widespread tail-twisting", apparently to cause pain to force the cows to move. The Crown Estate, which owns the land leased to Curtismill Holsteins, said it does not condone any form of violence or abuse of animals.