India is grappling with a rapidly escalating liver health crisis, as new epidemiological data reveals that fatty liver disease now affects hundreds of millions of people nationwide, with prevalence rates climbing sharply over the past decade. The findings, drawn from a review of recent global and national health research, are prompting experts to call for immediate action on screening and prevention. Fatty liver disease now more precisely classified as MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) is estimated to affect between 16% and 32% of India's population, amounting to roughly 120 million people. With projections indicating continued growth in fatty liver disease burden over the next decade, researchers stress that the opportunity for meaningful course correction is shrinking. Strengthened data collection, standardized diagnostic criteria, and expanded community-based screening, particularly in underserved and rural areas are being flagged as urgent priorities for policymakers and health systems alike.