An emerging form of brokered violence involves local youth, encrypted communications, symbolic targets, recorded attacks, payment and multi-layered motives. The question is: Was this antisemitic attack bought and paid for, a copycat incident or an example of hybrid violence? Law enforcement agencies in Toronto reportedly connected dozens of shootings, including some of the above incidents, to a “multi-layered” gun-for-hire network. Motive-layering is also a hallmark of the shooters-for-hire trend because an attack’s labelled motive often obscures how it was carried out. Earlier ideologically motivated violent attacks in Canada often involved white male perpetrators radicalized through misogyny, xenophobia, Islamophobia or grievance-based extremism.