Ariel Rider, an e-bike maker in Redmond, Wash., opened preorders this month for the MUDD 72V, a 105-kilometer-per-hour (65-mile-per-hour) 8,000-watt machine it calls a “power bike.” The first is a vehicle classification system, set mostly by states, defining what counts as an e-bike. Its terms of service state the bike isn’t an e-bike, isn’t certified for on-road use, and is sold only for private land or closed courses, with no DMV title path to opt into. The MUDD Isn’t an Outlier—It’s a CategoryAriel Rider didn’t invent this space. How Other States Are Closing the Gap—or Aren’tNew York isn’t unusual in facing this problem.