It specifically describes a standard interface which enables the hNS (Home Network Server) to download a Device Profile from a server called the Device Profile Server (DPS). TS018-1.0.0 – LoRaWAN Device Identification QR Codes for Automated Onboarding – TS018 helps make setup errors less likely by encoding the device profile server on the device identification QR code. TR016-1.0.0 LoRaWAN Relay Technical Recommendations – TR016 gives device makers practical guidance to build relay-based products that work reliably and interoperate well. In summary, TS014 defines the protocol between the home network server and the device profile server, while TS018 defines the data stored in the QR code. Now, scanning or bulk-importing each meter’s QR code points the network straight to the right Device Profile Server.