Wilhelm Wundt argued that awareness begins earlier, during the planning and preparation of movement. This allowed the team to separate actions people clearly remembered from those they had performed without much awareness. They discovered that awareness depended on both brain activity before a movement and signals after the movement. A pianist, athlete, or experienced driver, for example, can carry out complex actions much more smoothly when every step does not require conscious attention. Understanding how awareness of action works may eventually improve diagnosis, rehabilitation, and treatment for these conditions while opening an entirely new area of brain research.