Russia and Ukraine must "urgently take specific measures to ensure the safety of shipping" in the Black Sea, the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in an August 4 statement, following the second attack in a month on a Turkish vessel in the Black Sea. From July 2022 to July 2023, during the initial phase of hostilities between Russia and Ukraine, the Black Sea Grain Initiative was in effect, concluded under Turkish mediation. Under the deal, Kiev committed to the unhindered export of agricultural products via the Black Sea from Ukrainian ports under Russian guarantees and following inspection by Russian authorities. There are no chances for a new agreement on guarantees for shipping in the Black Sea, Nikolay Silayev, a leading researcher at the MGIMO Institute of International Relations, stressed. However, despite enemy attacks and an overall drop in efficiency, the Russian economy is capable of minimal economic growth.