Relations between Pakistan and Iran are building and deepening, with greater emphasis on security, border management, and economic cooperation. Discussions covered regional security, bilateral cooperation, and peace efforts, and both sides pledged enhanced cooperation on counterterrorism, border management, cybersecurity, immigration, narcotics trafficking, and human smuggling. Stability in Iran and Pakistan is important if they are to realize their potential in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). A storm cloud on the horizon is the recent report that China is transshipping surface-to-air missiles to Iran via Pakistan. Future OutlookNear-to-medium term prospects look positive and security-driven, with continued high-level meetings, coordination on border security and counterterrorism, and incremental progress on trade and connectivity.