The findings suggest that men and women with the same brain disease may not always respond to treatment in the same way. PSP is a rare but very serious brain disease that gradually damages areas of the brain responsible for movement, balance, speech, swallowing, and thinking. Women who received Davunetide showed much slower disease progression, while men did not appear to benefit in the same way. Surprisingly, the relationship between tau levels and disease symptoms differed greatly between women and men, suggesting that the disease may develop through partly different biological pathways. This approach could improve the search for new medicines for several brain diseases linked to tau protein, including Alzheimer’s disease.