Every year, Congress takes a lengthy August recess, prompting many Americans to wonder why lawmakers seem to disappear for much of the month. The answer dates back to a time before air conditioning, when Washington, D.C.’s brutal summer heat and humidity made working conditions inside the Capitol unbearable. In the 1800s and early 1900s, lawmakers often left the city during the hottest weeks of the year, and the tradition eventually became part of the congressional calendar. Critics, however, argue that the tradition is outdated and question whether Congress should take an extended recess while many Americans work year-round and major national issues remain unresolved. Despite the nickname “August vacation,” members of Congress can be called back to Washington if urgent legislation or a national emergency requires action.