Environmental features and geography may be a better predictor of homicides in Latin America than the prevalence of organized crime gangs. As researchers inplace-basedcriminology, we were interested in understanding whether the locations where violence occurs matter more than the prevalence of organized crime groups operating within them. Our results showed that environmental and geographic features were significant predictors of the local murder rate, independent of whether organized crime groups were present. Although the accord succeeded in disarming one of the region’s most influential insurgent groups, violence has persisted and in some areas escalated because the broader conditions driving conflict were left largely intact. Rather, methods that address the underlying conditions that attract organized crime groups may be more effective.