For more than 40 years, doctors have believed that children's BMI rises again after early childhood because body fat "rebounds." However, Agbaje argues that this interpretation is based on BMI alone—a measure that cannot distinguish between fat, muscle, and bone. Body fat continued to decline until around age seven and never returned to the higher levels seen at age two. Instead, they propose that the waist-to-height ratio may be a more reliable tool for identifying excess body fat in children. Adiposity Rebound or Fat-Free Mass Anabolism in Children—Challenging a 42-Year-Old BMI Puzzle with Waist-to-Height Ratio: The ASNF-NNF 2025 Inaugural Flemming Quaade Award for Innovation in Childhood Obesity Lecture.