A population-based retrospective study has found that infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a more than threefold increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). The analysis specifically included individuals with laboratory-confirmed EBV infection, strengthening the evidence for a causal link. Ongoing clinical trials are now exploring EBV-targeted vaccines and antiviral therapies as potential strategies to reduce MS risk or progression. Key Clinical Findings of the Study Include:Significant Risk Multiplier: The study determined that patients with a history of EBV-positive IM faced a significantly elevated 3.14-fold increased hazard of developing MS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–8.34). Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Among Persons With Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Mononucleosis: A Population-Based Study.