While the White House meeting was closed, Ukrainian hopes are high that Trump will help to turn the screw on Russia through both military support and economic pressure. The legislation would strengthen sanctions targeting Russia’s energy and financial sectors, incorporating elements of the Shadow Fleets Sanctions Act. China is likely to respond to energy sanctions with countermeasures, even indirect ones as envisaged under the bill. The White House needs to learn these lessons around the second-order effects of major sanctions legislation, however well-intentioned the initial policy. More targeted interventions against the enablers of the Russian war effort, homing in on specific institutions and corporate interests, proved successful under former President Biden.