The position statement recommends a pragmatic approach to the assessment and management of women with suspected PLO, including:Comprehensive clinical assessment, including medical history, medication review and laboratory investigations to exclude secondary causes of osteoporosis. Conservative management with adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, pain management and, where clinically appropriate, discontinuation of breastfeeding. Although understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of PLO has advanced over the past decade, important questions remain. Because controlled studies are scarce, the guidance is based on the best available clinical evidence combined with expert consensus rather than formal evidence-graded guidelines. Professor Eugene McCloskey, Chair of the IOF Committee of Scientific Advisors, said: "This international multidisciplinary position statement brings together the current evidence on pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis and translates it into pragmatic guidance for clinicians.