Nepal’s institutional borrowing extended widely across global case studies. As elected political bodies grow increasingly dysfunctional, Nepal’s state survival has come to depend entirely on the permanent bureaucracy based in Singha Durbar. Under Nepal’s current federal design, institutional chaos is not governance failure—it is constitutionally baked into the system. Crucially, Nepal’s constitutional secularism satisfies no community. While international aid and technical support assisted Nepal’s post-conflict recovery and post-earthquake reconstruction, external involvement came at the steep cost of national institutional autonomy.