The recent Red Sea and Caspian Sea conflicts mark new fronts in the wider Iran-US war, spreading beyond the Gulf. Red Sea is the channel for approximately 12% of global trade and nearly 15% of seaborne trade. Saudi Arabia retaliated with air strikes on Houthi military facilities in Yemen’s Hodeidah used to threaten commercial shipping. On July 25, 2026, Houthi forces hit oil transport sites inside Saudi Arabia linking eastern province oilfields to the Red Sea. To conclude, the war spreading beyond the Gulf would further destabilize international energy market, entailing a global economic meltdown and intensifying international insecurity.