Kavanaugh’s first vote in the non-majority coalition (chronologically by opinion release date) came in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, better known as the tariffs case. Roberts authored the majority opinion, which was joined at least in part by Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch, Amy Coney Barrett, and Ketanji Brown Jackson. Gorsuch and Barrett wrote concurring opinions, Kagan wrote an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment (joined by Sotomayor and Jackson), and Jackson also wrote an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment. Kavanaugh wrote that he “would conclude that the President’s power under IEEPA to ‘regulate . Kavanaugh’s second dissenting vote came in Hencely v. Fluor Corporation, where he (along with the chief) joined Alito’s dissent.