Versions of this textbook for lower grades, starting in grade five, have been used across schools in the occupied territories since the beginning of academic year 2025-26. Amnesty International has assessed this textbook as “a blatant attempt to unlawfully indoctrinate school children in Russia and Russian-occupied Ukrainian territories”. Ukrainian children are exposed to the full toolkit of Russian militarization techniques. For example, since the beginning of the 2023–24 academic year, the course entitled “Fundamentals of Security and Defense of the Motherland” has been compulsory in all schools in the occupied territories. On the contrary, senior Russian officials are on the record justifying the indoctrination and militarization of Ukrainian children.