Today’s advanced 5G networks, and tomorrow’s 6G networks, are now moving toward an increasingly AI-centered future. By adding top-tier AI hardware to its systems, he adds, Nokia can “increase the entry barrier for competitors to move into this market.” Wireless engineers have spent decades squeezing radio networks close to their theoretical limits of efficiency. “It’s important to distinguish between AI hardware and AI algorithms,” he says. Merouane Debbah, a researcher at Khalifa University’s Digital Future Institute in Abu Dhabi, has run some of the only live trials testing AI hardware in real radio conditions.