The U.S. House voted 308-117 on July 14 to make daylight saving time permanent nationwide and eliminate the practice of adjusting clocks each spring and fall. Hawaii and most of Arizona do not observe daylight saving time and will not be affected by the change. Cotton has warned that permanent daylight saving time would produce pitch-dark winter mornings for schoolchildren, construction workers and farmers across much of the country. Five major medical organizations, including the American Medical Association and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, oppose permanent daylight saving time specifically and instead endorse permanent standard time, citing concerns about circadian rhythm disruption tied to prolonged periods of darker winter mornings. Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida has been among the most consistent advocates for eliminating the clock change over the years, having led the push for the original 2022 Senate bill.