Furthermore, France capacity is up by just 3% on the pre-pandemic year of 2019 and by only 28% since 2010. Air France-KLM, France's leading airline group, has not grown capacity at all since 2010. Growth in its low cost subsidiary, Transavia France, has served only to replace cuts by Air France. The large majority of the market growth since 2010 has been provided by low cost airlines that compete with Air France-KLM. France's high location costs are squeezing their profitability and reducing the incentive to invest capital and capacity in France.