The report identifies the following seven major cyber threats facing Africa:1. Ransomware attacks – Criminals encrypt victims' data and demand payment for its release, increasingly targeting governments, public institutions and critical infrastructure. Mobile money fraud – Cybercriminals exploit mobile payment platforms through phishing, SIM-swap attacks, fake promotions and social engineering to steal funds from users. AI-enabled digital sextortion – Criminals use artificial intelligence and deepfake technology to create fake intimate images from victims' social media photos before demanding ransom. Data breaches and identity theft – Stolen personal and financial data are traded on the dark web and used for identity theft, phishing, financial fraud and ransomware attacks.