Western countries frame China's policies as mercantilist and opposing ‌global trade rules, saying its priority for producers over households pushes cheaper goods into global markets, hollowing out industry in nations seeking more balanced growth. The commerce ministry paper "made clear that China doesn't accept discriminatory measures against its firms and products," he added. CHINA TRIES TO REVERSE 'SHOCK 2.0' NARRATIVEChina says its model reflects the needs of a country still converging with advanced economies. Its products are not only cheaper, but increasingly better, while its tech and science investments can ⁠benefit the entire world. This month, Premier Li Qiang countered warnings of a "China shock 2.0", or a scenario in which Chinese firms crowd out Western competitors in advanced manufacturing, portraying it as "China opportunity 2.0" for the global economy.