The study broke down the costs of general election campaign as follows:Rallies: K16.7 million on average. The entire nation witnessed even the President distributing handouts, political parties raised concerns, yet no meaningful ac-tion was taken. Gaps in the law, new calls to tighten itMalawi’s main regulatory tool is the Political Parties Act (PPA) of 2018, which established the Office of the Registrar of Political Par-ties (ORPP). Section 41(1) prohibits any candidate, political party or person from issuing handouts during an election. Jolobala said political parties should first discuss possible reforms through CMD before Parliament considers the necessary legislative amendments.