The Trump administration launched the school choice initiative in 2025 through the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. While school choice has drawn bipartisan support in some areas, several Democratic-led states, including Pennsylvania and Illinois, have not joined the program. Students living in states that do not opt into the program are not eligible to receive scholarships funded through the federal initiative. Yet taxpayers in those states may still claim the federal tax credit by donating to SGOs operating in participating states. Four states have announced they will not participate in the federal Education Freedom Scholarship Program: Hawaii, Minnesota, New Mexico and Oregon.