The country’s parliamentary elections have, over the past decade, drawn not only domestic attention but also that of the Russian Federation. Russia’s campaign to sway Moldova’s parliamentary elections was characterised by a blend of overt and covert tactics, drawing on the full spectrum of modern influence operations. The parliamentary elections in Moldova over the past decade have repeatedly illustrated Russia’s enduring influence. Similarly, in the lead-up to the 2021 parliamentary elections, cyber-attacks targeted the Central Electoral Commission, temporarily disrupting voter registration systems and raising fears of manipulation. Sir Nick Harvey, a former defence minister, is CEO of the European Movement, founded by Winston Churchill to promote European unity